A Versatile Low Temperature Curing Molecular Silver Ink Platform for Printed Electronics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development and sale of conductive silver flake-based inks remains one of the most profitable areas within the printed electronics (PE) industry. However, the volatility of the silver market is a concern for conductive ink manufacturers, so cost effective alternatives that can minimize the amount of metal used to produce a functional trace are actively being investigated and developed in order decrease costs. Here we present a simple formulation containing a silver compound that provides a screen printable ink capable of producing traces with thicknesses under 1 micometer, linewidths as narrow as 42 μm separated by 38 μm and excellent electrical properties (22 μΩ·cm) following thermal sintering at temperatures of 120 °C on PET substrates. The molecular ink is also quite versatile, enabling the metallization of common textile threads and allowing their incorporation into applications where the threads can serve as wires to power LEDs driven by a wearable electronic platform. The silver traces derived from the silver ink also demonstrate impressive stretchability on both metalized latex/polyester threads and as printed traces on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrates, where the threads/traces remain conductive up to strains as high as 126%. The ability for the traces produced from the silver molecular ink to maintain conductivity as they are strained/stretched also enables their incorporation into structural and in-mold electronics applications, where conductive 3D traces can be produced through a simple thermoforming process. Together these results represent a significant advance for the PE industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".