Dynamics of Cognitive Functions and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Different Variants of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose of the study: to evaluate the parameters of cognitive potential and systemic proinflammatory response during direct myocardial revascularization surgery on a beating heart and under conditions of various types of extracorporeal circulation (classical cardiopulmonary bypass and minimized extracorporeal circuit).Materials and methods. A total of 205 patients aged 41–76 years (56.16±2.91 years) were examined. All patients were screened by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and underwent contrast-enhanced CT perfusion imaging of the brain. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor, interleukins-6 and 8, and neuron specific enolase were measured in the perioperative period. Surgery in all patients was performed under general balanced anesthesia based on sevoflurane. All patients were randomly divided into three groups: the patients after off-pump surgery; the patients after surgery with classical cardiopulmonary bypass; the patients after surgery with a minimized extracorporeal circuit. Off-pump surgery was performed using a tissue stabilizer. Cardiopulmonary bypass using membrane oxygenators was performed in a nonpulsatile regimen with a perfusion index of 2.4 l/(min•m2) under moderate hypothermia (34–35°C). Protection of the myocardium during the period of aortic cross-clamping was carried out by pharmacological cold cardioplegia.Results. Seven days after surgery, the lowest Montreal Cognitive Assessment scoring was found in a group of patients operated using the classical cardiopulmonary bypass. In this group, the decline was almost 23 % (P=0.0202) compared with the baseline. In the same group, the increase in the level of neuron specific enolase reached 43.19% (P=0.0047). One day after surgery, the highest values (P<0.05) of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were found in the group of patients who underwent surgery with the classical cardiopulmonary bypass. Cortisol levels 24 hours after surgery also increased in all groups, but the smallest increase was recorded in the group of patients undergoing the off-pump surgery.Conclusion. Off-pump surgery or the use of the minimized extracorporeal circuit with biocompatible coating, centrifugal pump in the absence of blood contact with air minimally affects the cognitive potential of patients, reduces manifestations of the systemic inflammatory response, which, in turn, reduces a number of postoperative complications and improves the results of treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".