Design and Testing of a Boom Sprayer Prototype to Release <i>Trichogramma ostriniae</i> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Sweet Corn for Biocontrol of <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Sweet corn requires many insecticide applications to control its main pest: the European corn borer () (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The use of is an effective biological alternative to control the European corn borer in sweet corn. However, manual introduction at large scale of using Trichocards is time-consuming. Mechanized introduction of using a boom sprayer is an innovative and advantageous solution. The objective of this study was to design and test a boom sprayer to spray (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in sweet corn canopy under real field conditions. parasitized eggs were sprayed at a rate of 800,000 individuals ha-1 using a boom sprayer designed at the Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering of Université Laval, Québec, Canada. parasitized eggs were also introduced at a rate of 500,000 individuals ha-1 using Trichocards. Overall, eight releases were made during the 2016 season. Field trial results showed a 17.22% emergence rate reduction of in the sprayed plots compared to Trichocards. Total fecundity and longevity of sprayed females were not negatively affected by spraying; indicating that spraying did not have any negative impact on their quality. The parasitism rates observed on natural egg masses of and on sentinel egg masses of were comparable for both methods. At harvest, sprayed and Trichocards treatments resulted in adequate control of the European corn borer. Obtained results also showed that spraying was 1.7 times faster than the manual introduction of Trichocards. Overall, the results indicate that spraying is a promising technique for an efficient and viable introduction of parasitized eggs. However, more research is recommended to further optimize the spraying parameters. The spraying system successfully used in sweet corn could also be used in corn production and adapted to other crops such as pepper, beans, and potatoes to control the European corn borer. Keywords: Biological control, European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, Trichogramma, Trichogramma ostriniae, Sweet corn, Corn production, Spraying, Boom sprayer, Beneficial insects, Trichocards.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".