Fluoride Levels in Mexican Foods and Beverages
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONThe sources of fluoride exposure for the Mexicans are foods, beverages, fluoridated salt and naturally fluoridated water. The main objetive of this study was to estimate the concentration of fluoride in foods and beverages most frequently consumed in Mexico; in addition, their fluoride content was compared to data available from the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK).METHODOLOGYFrom the Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 we identified 182 foods and beverages and purchased in the biggest supermarkets chains and local markets in Mexico City. Samples were analyzed for fluoride content at least in duplicate to account for variability at the Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, using a modification of the hexamethyldisiloxane microdiffusion method.RESULTSWe tested 166 foods and 16 beverages, classified into 14 food groups to compare with their US and UK counterparts, and finding among them a very wide range of values. Foods with the lowest and highest fluoride content were vegetable shortening (0.24μg/100g) and fried/baked pork rinds (1465.40μg/100g), respectively. The food groups with lowest and highest content were eggs (2.32μg/100g) and seafood (371.29μg/100g), respectively. When estimating the amount of fluoride ingested per portion size, the lowest values corresponded to eggs and the highest to fast food. When comparing between countries, meats and sausages, cereals, fast food, sweets and cakes, fruits, dairy products, legumes and seafood from Mexico, presented higher fluoride contents than similar foods from the US or the UK. Drinks and eggs from the US exhibited the highest fluoride contents, while this was the case for pasta, soups and vegetables from the UK.CONCLUSIONThe majority of tested Mexican foods and beverages contained higher fluoride contents than their US and UK counterparts. The Mexican data generated in this study will be useful to facilitate the monitoring of the intake in the population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it