Regulatory intersections and Indigenous rights: lessons from Forest Stewardship Council certification in Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of this study is to better understand the qualities of regulatory interaction and its effects through the analysis of two case studies involving the Forest Stewardship Council’s (FSC) requirements for free and informed consent during the period 2012 to 2015 in Quebec. The first case describes events related to the transfer of FSC certificates from the forest industry to the Quebec government, proposed as a result of the introduction of the new forest policy regime in 2013. The second case describes a contested FSC certificate in the Lac-St-Jean region, spearheaded by an Indigenous nation, over the issue of free and informed consent. Both cases are documented through secondary data. Results reveal that forestry certification acted as a catalyst, obliging parties to more clearly define their positions on the application of Indigenous rights, but also creating dissonance within the regulatory system. Pathways of regulatory interaction were characterized by mutual influence, negotiation, and readjustment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".