Cognitive Deficits and Behavior Problems in Children with Prenatal PBDE Exposure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants that are persistent chemicals and potential developmental neurotoxicants, but the impact on child neurodevelopment remains unclear. Aim: To investigate the association between prenatal exposure to PBDEs and child neurodevelopment Methods: We measured maternal serum concentrations of BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153 in 309 women at 16 weeks of gestation and followed their children until 5 years of age in the HOME Study based in Cincinnati, OH. We examined cognitive and motor abilities using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II at ages 1, 2, 3 years, and intelligence using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III at age 5 years. We measured behaviors using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 annually at ages 2-5 years. Results: The geometric mean of sum4BDEs was 37 ng/g lipid, with BDE-47 at 20 ng/g lipid, comparable to the 2003-2004 US adults national average. In covariate-adjusted linear mixed models, a 10-fold increase in maternal PBDE concentration was related to a decrement in Wechsler Full Scale IQ at age 5 years (-4.5 points, 95% CI: -8.8, -0.1 for BDE47, and -4.4 points, 95% CI: -8.9, 0.1 for sum4BDEs). The associations between PBDE exposure and cognitive and motor skills from 1 to 3 years were not significant. Prenatal PBDE exposure was associated with hyperactivity at ages 2-5 years, for example a 3.3 point (95% CI: 0.3, 6.3) score increase at age 5 years for each 10-fold increase in maternal BDE-47. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to PBDEs, detectable in virtually all US people, was associated with cognitive deficits and hyperactivity behaviors in children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".