Brief Commentary: Cannabinoid Dosing for Chronic Pain Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ideas and Opinions15 January 2019Brief Commentary: Cannabinoid Dosing for Chronic Pain ManagementKevin F. Boehnke, PhD and Daniel J. Clauw, MDKevin F. Boehnke, PhDUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.F.B., D.J.C.) and Daniel J. Clauw, MDUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.F.B., D.J.C.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M18-2972 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Editors' Note: This commentary was selected for publication from among 100 submitted manuscripts in response to a call for readers' perspectives on prescribing or recommending marijuana.As pain researchers, we are underwhelmed by systematic reviews of clinical trials of cannabinoids, which report modest effect sizes for chronic neuropathic pain but limited or insufficient efficacy in other pain conditions (1). These reviews also report substantial adverse events (1). Nevertheless, we cannot ignore the reality of cannabis's growing use as medicine, especially for chronic pain. As such, we believe that appropriately contextualizing cannabinoids is critical so that physicians and patients can navigate ...References1. Nugent SM, Morasco BJ, O'Neil ME, Freeman M, Low A, Kondo K; et al;. The effects of cannabis among adults with chronic pain and an overview of general harms: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167:319-31. [PMID: 28806817]. doi:10.7326/M17-0155 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MacCallum CA, Russo EB. Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;49:12-9. [PMID: 29307505] doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.004 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Malfait AM, Gallily R, Sumariwalla PF, Malik AS, Andreakos E, Mechoulam R, et al. The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an oral anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:9561-6. [PMID: 10920191] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Steigerwald S, Wong PO, Khorasani A, Keyhani S. The form and content of cannabis products in the United States [Letter]. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33:1426-8. [PMID: 29770952] doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4480-0 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Ballantyne JC, Sullivan MD. Discovery of endogenous opioid systems: what it has meant for the clinician's understanding of pain and its treatment. Pain. 2017;158:2290-300. [PMID: 28832397] doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001043 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.F.B., D.J.C.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M18-2972.Corresponding Author: Kevin F. Boehnke, PhD, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48106; e-mail, [email protected]umich.edu.Current Author Addresses: Drs. Boehnke and Clauw: 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.Author Contributions: Conception and design: K.F. Boehnke, D.J. Clauw.Analysis and interpretation of the data: K.F. Boehnke.Drafting of the article: K.F. Boehnke.Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: K.F. Boehnke.Final approval of the article: K.F. Boehnke, D.J. Clauw.Administrative, technical, or logistic support: K.F. Boehnke, D.J. Clauw.Collection and assembly of data: K.F. Boehnke.This article was published at Annals.org on 8 January 2019. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBrief Commentary: Marijuana and Cardiovascular Disease—What Should We Tell Patients? Tina M. Kaufman , Sergio Fazio , and Michael D. Shapiro Brief Commentary: Advocating for Blunt Policy Jan K. 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Hoyte Metrics Cited byHealthcare provider and medical cannabis patient communication regarding referral and medication substitution: the Canadian contextCannabidiol (CBD) in Rheumatic Diseases (Musculoskeletal Pain)Potency and Therapeutic THC and CBD Ratios: U.S. Cannabis Markets OvershootSex-Dependent Prescription Patterns and Clinical Outcomes Associated With the Use of Two Oral Cannabis Formulations in the Multimodal Management of Chronic Pain Patients in ColombiaTackling the taboo: a sensible prescription for appropriate cannabis use in fibromyalgiaCommunication between healthcare providers and medical cannabis patients regarding referral and medication substitutionConsensus recommendations on dosing and administration of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain: results of a modified Delphi processConsensus‐based recommendations for titrating cannabinoids and tapering opioids for chronic pain controlPost Herpetic Neuralgia: Recent AdvancementsHigh-Frequency Medical Cannabis Use Is Associated With Worse Pain Among Individuals With Chronic PainCannabis use in active athletes: Behaviors related to subjective effects 15 January 2019Volume 170, Issue 2Page: 118KeywordsCannabinoidsCannabisDisclosureDrug administrationExercise therapyMarijuanaNeuropathic painOpioidsPainPain management ePublished: 8 January 2019 Issue Published: 15 January 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. 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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.109 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.068 | 0.057 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".