Joint Planning of Smart EV Charging Stations and DGs in Eco-Friendly Remote Hybrid Microgrids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes an efficient planning algorithm for allocating smart electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in remote communities. The planning problem jointly allocates and sizes a set of distributed generators (DGs) along with the EV charging stations to balance the supply with the total demand of regular loads and EV charging. The planning algorithm specifies optimal locations and sizes of the EV charging stations and DG units that minimize two conflicting objectives: 1) deployment and operation costs and 2) associated green house gas emissions, while satisfying the microgrid technical constraints. This is achieved by iteratively solving a multi-objective mixed integer non-linear program. An outer sub-problem determines the locations and sizes of the DG units and charging stations using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Given the allocation and sizing decisions, an inner sub-problem ensures smart, reliable, and eco-friendly operation of the microgrid by solving a non-linear scheduling problem. The proposed algorithm results in a Pareto frontier that captures the tradeoff between the conflicting planning objectives. Simulation studies investigate the performance of the proposed planning algorithm in order to obtain a compromise planning solution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".