Candidate Sites for Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage System in Jordan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Renewable energy sources particularly wind energy is becoming immensely popular throughout the world. Jordan is one of the countries that are interested in increasing the integration level of the wind energy on the national electrical grid. The main drawback of wind power is its inherent variability and uncertainty of source making wind energy a difficult resource to dispatch. A Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage (PHES) system is considered to be an attractive alternative solution for load balancing and energy storage mainly with wind farms. The current research utilizes the existing dams in Jordan as lower basin and provides candidate locations for upper pumped storage basins in the vicinity of these dams without affecting their functionality. These upper basin are semi-natural basins with least amount of construction, i.e. relatively least construction cost. A location survey of the candidate sites in Jordan is conducted where the PHES can be implemented and operated in an efficient manner. Ten locations have been analyzed deeply in the location survey. The results show that six of them are successful candidates and appropriate locations to implement PHES system since they pass all PHES design requirements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".