Detectors for present and future light sources at Elettra
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work reports on the recent activities carried out by the Detector and Instrumentation Laboratory of Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste. Since both the Elettra synchrotron and the Fermi free electron laser are generating photons in the low to medium x-ray energy range from some eV to tenths of keV the activities of the detector and instrumentation laboratory focuses on spectroscopic and imaging photon detectors, which feature high quantum efficiency from below the carbon edge and are operated also in UHV environments. Special focus will be drawn on custom made monolithic and multi element silicon drift detectors for the Twinmic and the XRF beam line at Elettra. Regarding low energy imaging detectors the PERCIVAL CMOS (‘Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile and Large’) will be discussed which is currently being developed by a collaboration of DESY, RAL, Elettra, PAL and DLS to address the need for this type of detectors for free electron lasers in the soft X-ray regime. The majorities of Elettra’s soft x-ray beam lines are employing fast and spatially resolving electron detectors and their associated readout electronics, which have been developed in-house and have been tailored to the specific needs of the respective beam line. In addition devices for in situ beam diagnostics and dose monitoring for synchrotron radiation and FEL beams have been developed and are operated on a daily basis. Moreover, some recent results in basic research on room temperature semiconductors will be discussed. It is noteworthy that Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste through its Industrial Liaison Office commercializes many of these devices and the associated read-out electronics. In this presentation an overview of these devices and their application to specific scientific applications will be given and in view of upgrade programs future directions will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.045 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".