Discrimination of hot versus cold avalanche deposits: implications for hazards assessment at Mount Meager, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Avalanche deposits within the Mount Meager volcanic complex are nearly monolithological and comprise mainly intermediate volcanic rock clasts up to 10.5 m, lack internal structure, and are very poorly sorted. Despite these physical similarities, the deposits originate from two distinct processes, cold rock-avalanche deposits from mass wasting and hot block-and-ash avalanche deposits derived from gravitational collapse of active lava domes and flows. Hot block-and-ash deposits are recognized by the presence of features indicative of high emplacement tem- peratures. Clasts within rock-avalanche deposits preserve predepositional weathering and jointing surfaces as well as fragmentation surfaces from transport. The ability to discriminate between hot and cold avalanche deposits and the recognition of multiple volcanic events are critical to hazard assessment in volcanic terranes. Misidentifica- tion can lead to underestimating the risk of one (i.e. volcanic) hazard whilst overestimating the other (i.e. mass wasting).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".