Bubble Behavior in Marine Applications of Bubble Columns: Case of Ellipsoidal Bubbles in Slanted and Rolling Columns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using a hexapod ship motion emulator, the influence of floating vessel motion on the trajectory and velocity profile of single ellipsoidal bubbles is investigated from the images provided by a high-speed camera. Varying the amplitude and frequency of the vessel motion, relations between the column motion and variations in the bubbles’ trajectories are analyzed. Spectral analysis by means of fast Fourier transforms helps demarcate the factors influencing the bubbles’ zigzag flow patterns, in terms of contributions stemming from column wall effects, column oscillation frequency, and column angle of inclination. Although the column rolling motion is shown to have little effect on the rising velocity of the bubbles, its incidence on shaping the bubbles’ number density distribution and bubble flow patterns is remarkable, suggesting that these factors have to be accounted for in the marine context of floating vessels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".