Studies on potential links between deep shale formations and shallow aquifers in Quebec and New Brunswick
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Geological Survey of Canada is carrying out two projects to assess potential fluid migration pathways from deep (~2 km) shale or tight sand units to shallow aquifers in southern Quebec (St-Édouard area, St. Lawrence Lowlands) and in southern New Brunswick (Sussex area, McCully gas field). The geological and hydrogeological contexts of these study areas are very different. One of the main differences is the aquifer types, which are mainly composed of organic-rich black shales in St-Édouard and dominated by sandstone in the Sussex area. Also, while no shale gas well is in production in the St. Lawrence Lowlands, the McCully gas field has been in production since 2001. Because the intermediate zone, located between aquifers and reservoirs, is poorly known, these projects are using multi-source direct and indirect data including field geology, geophysics, geomechanics, hydrogeology and water and rock geochemistry to evaluate aquifer vulnerability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".