Dissociation behaviour of gas hydrate through out a production test, based on cased-hole log data, of the Aurora/JOGMEC/NRCan Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate production research well
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changes in the properties of gas-hydrate-bearing formations throughout a production test were evaluated using wireline time-lapse analysis (before and after the production test) by cased-hole logging of the Aurora/JOGMEC/NRCan Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate production research well. Three kinds of cased hole measurements enabled an interpretation of the dissociation behaviour of gas hydrate throughout the production test. The Accelerator Porosity Sonde (APS) showed that hydrogen increased after the production test throughout the production interval, due mainly to the replacement of fluid (i.e. caving) as the result of sand production after dissociation of the gas hydrate. An increase in the Reservoir Saturation Tool (RST) sigma corresponded to an increase in formation salinity, which was due to replacement of gas hydrate with brine (5% KCl) around the wellbore or movement of formation water into the pore space after dissociation of the gas hydrate. Sonic Scanner data, which has a greater depth of investigation than APS and RST, indicated that the S-wave velocity after the production test decreased over the entire production interval. In particular, the middle and deeper parts of the interval showed significant decrease in velocity, implying that the dissociation of gas hydrate occurred mainly in this interval. Open-hole well-log data for the production interval indicated that reservoir properties of the shallow formations are different than those of the middle and deeper formations. These differing reservoir properties had a significant influence on the dissociation behaviour of the gas hydrate. Because the transmission of the S-wave velocity was detected throughout the production interval, the structural integrity of the formation framework at this distance (54.1 cm) remains despite a significant amount of dissociation of the gas hydrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".