Modulation and recruitment of TRF2 at viral telomeres during human herpesvirus 6A/B infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B (HHV-6A/B) can integrate their genomes into the telomeres of host chromosomes. The HHV-6A/B genomes contain telomeric repeats essential for integration. Whether HHV-6A/B infections impact telomere homeostasis remains to be studied. We report that during infection, a massive increase in telomeric signals is observed. Such telomeric signals are detected in viral replication compartments (VRC) that colocalize with the viral IE2 and P41 proteins. Infection with HHV-6A mutants lacking telomeric repeats did not reproduce this phenotype. HHV-6A/B infections lead to increased expression of three shelterin genes, TRF1, TRF2 and TPP1. TRF2 was recruited to VRC and binding to the HHV-6A/B telomeric repeats demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and ELISA. Lastly, the HHV-6A IE2 protein colocalized with shelterin proteins at telomeres during infection. In summary, HHV-6A/B infections results in an excess of telomeric repeats that stimulates the expression of shelterin genes. TRF2 binds to viral telomeres during infection and localizes with HHV-6A IE2 protein. Our results highlight a potential role for shelterin complex proteins and IE2 during infection and possibly during integration of HHV-6A/B into host chromosomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".