Investigation of hypersonic conic flows generated by a magnetoplasma light-gas gun equipped with Laval nozzle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a new method of producing hypersonic flows is proposed and results of an experimental study of hypersonic flow over cones with half-angles τ 1 = 3° and τ 2 = 12° are presented. The Mach numbers of studied incident flows were M 1 = 18 and M 2 = 14.4, respectively. The use of a light-gas gun, where an accelerating channel was replaced by a Laval nozzle, made it possible to obtain a hypersonic gas outflow with optical density sufficiently high for flow visualization and diagnostics by optical methods. The flow structure was visualized by means of schlieren method with the use of a straight Foucault knife. Shadowgraphs were recorded by a high-speed camera with a frame rate of 300 000 fps and an exposure time of 1 µ s. The Mach number for the incident flow was calculated from the shock wave inclination angle on shadowgraphs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".