Surficial geology, coastal waters, Island of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This bulletin is a synthesis of several decades of Geological Survey of Canada research into the surficial geology of the inner continental shelf around the Island of Newfoundland, and the geomorphology of adjacent coastlines. Based on analyses of data from multibeam-sonar surveys, other marine surveys, and from coastal mapping, the island is divided into fourteen regions, each with distinctive surficial geology and coastal geomorphology. The evidence of glaciation is dominant in all regions, and includes: 1) streamlined landforms formed in the onset areas of ice streams; 2) arcuate submarine moraines formed by glacial standstills at the mouths of west and south coast fiords; 3) transverse moraines formed by standstills within fiords; and 4) swarms of De Geer moraines formed during ice retreat. The seafloor of the inner shelf is imprinted by relict iceberg furrows and pits in all fourteen regions, but a modern population is recognized only off the east and northeast coasts. Evidence of lowered postglacial sea levels is found in submerged deltas and wave-cut platforms at various depths off the southwest and south coasts. The zone of modern sediment mobility is relatively wide on the shallow inner shelves off southwest and northeast Island of Newfoundland, and relatively narrow elsewhere. The multibeam-sonar imagery reveals a wide range of submarine landforms and processes, including active submarine fans in west coast fiords, an inner-shelf submarine canyon off the southwest coast, and large-scale erosion of the seafloor in Placentia Bay and off Bay of Islands. Anthropogenic modification of the seafloor is most intense near Corner Brook (Bay of Islands) and in parts of Placentia Bay, and includes submarine landslides triggered by port construction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".