The unconformable character and paleogeographic significance of the Chazy-Black River group contact, Montréal area, southwestern Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An unconformity marks the Chazy-Black River group contact in southwestern Quebec. It is characterized by an eastward pinching out of the Pamelia Formation (Black River Group), borings, and truncation of the Chazy strata. Coarse-grained sandstone of the Pamelia Formation or Lowville Formation (where the former is missing) lies above the contact. Lithological differences between dolostone units in the Laval (Chazy Group) and Pamelia for- mations were recognized, allowing us to better position the contact. The Pamelia Formation (44 mthick) in eastern Ontario conformably overlies the Chazyan strata. From Montréal to Québec progressively younger Black River strata onlap older rocks. This onlapping is accompanied by substantial lithological changes where sandstone and different limestone lithofacies are preserved. These variations suggest a more limited accommodation space for the Black River strata in southwestern Quebec, and, therefore uplifting relative to eastern Ontario. This uplifting is probably due to old structural lineaments reactivation by the then ongoing Taconian Orogeny, and may indicate an incipient upthrow of the Beauharnois anticline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".