A Substrate-Integrated Fan-Beam Dipole Antenna with Varied Fence Shape for mm-Wave 5G Wireless
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A mm-Wave 5G dipole antenna is presented featuring high gain, fan-beam with wide HPBW in the elevation plane (HPBWEI), and high front-to-back radiation ratio (F/B). The dipole is implemented using vias at the edge of Rogers RO5880 substrate. For boosting the gain and HPBW, flared parasitic vias are added in front of the dipole. To suppress the back radiation, the dipole is surrounded by a via-fence. Two fence shapes were investigated; namely, the rectangular fence and the U-fence where a single dipole, 2×1, and 4×1 arrays were fabricated for each of them. The single elements achieve a measured bandwidth of more than 6.5 GHz around 28 GHz. All fabricated prototypes have F/B greater than 36 dB, with the rectangular fence and U-fence 4×1 dipole arrays achieving HPBWE1/gain of 133.1°/12.61-dBi and 118°/13.5-dBi, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".