Geology of the Aurora high-quality stratigraphic reference site and significance to the Yonge Street buried valley aquifer, Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) Aurora cored borehole intersects the Yonge Street aquifer (YSA), an important groundwater source in Ontario. The borehole, sited along a 7 km long seismic profile, was drilled in order to provide data to improve sustainable use and management of groundwater in Aurora well fields and the regional aquifer system. Results provide high-quality hydrostratigraphic reference data, geological context, and a prospecting model for this significant buried-valley aquifer. The improved conceptual hydrogeological model offers a plan to effectively stress and assess the YSA system. A 130 m sedimentary succession unconformably overlies subhorizontal Whitby shale and a low-relief bedrock surface with no defined valleys. Gas seeping from the shale is trapped in Thorncliffe Formation, a regional aquifer below confining aquitards. The regional aquifer occurs below ~209 m a.s.l. and is a 80 m thick, fining-upward, sand and gravel sequence. It appears to represent a portion of a northeast-southwest-oriented channel, esker, and subaqueous fan system that fed Thorncliffe Formation aquifer sediments to the south. The newly identified aquifer system occurs above a regional unconformity within the succession. A 25 m thick Newmarket Till and silt-clay rhythmite sequence confines this aquifer. This aquitard drapes into Aurora basin, a possible pre-existing sediment valley. High clay content in aquitard rhythmites may allow conductivity logs to map it as a marker horizon. The overlying Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) aquifer occurs as a 30 m thick gravel-sand-mud sequence above a second regional unconformity within the succession. This channel fill sequence is thinner than nearby 100 m thick ORM channel sediments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".