The presence of glyphosate in forest plants with different life strategies one year after application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Persistent nonlethal doses of glyphosate in plant tissue may have implications for the edible and (or) medicinal use of native plants. This study investigated native plants growing in northern British Columbia, Canada, to determine glyphosate presence and location within tissue in select species of traditional-use value with different life strategies. Perennial herbaceous and woody plants were collected one year after forestry-based applications of glyphosate in the Peace River Region of British Columbia. Shoot, fruit, and root portions of select species were analyzed for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues using HPLC–IPCMS. Glyphosate residues were found one-year after application. The highest and most consistent levels of glyphosate and AMPA were found in herbaceous perennial root tissues, but shoot tissues and fruit were also shown to contain glyphosate in select species. Levels found in some cases were greater than expected. Findings indicate the ability of glyphosate to be stored in root structures of perennial plants during dormancy periods and move up to shoot and fruit portions in years following applications in some species. Further investigation is required to determine the timeline associated with glyphosate presence in plant tissues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".