A 77 GHz High Power and Gain Transformer-Coupled Amplifier in CMOS FD-SOI 28 NM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a millimeter-wave high power and gain transformer-coupled amplifier is proposed. Designed in CMOS FD-SOI 28 nm technology and operating at 77 GHz, the 3-stage cascode power amplifier presents a 2-way differential structure based on integrated mm-wave transformers to provide high output power in a compact implementation. The substrate biasing feature of the technology was used to maximize the output power. Then, the transformers were implemented in the uppermost layers of the back end of line with a floating shield in the lower layers, to improve isolation and assure minimum insertion loss bellow -10 dB and a common-mode rejection ratio up to 26 dB. Post-layout simulations exhibited an output statured power of 18.36 dBm, a 1-dB output compression point of 16.5 dBm, a power gain of 44 dB and a peak power added efficiency of 9 %, at 77 GHz, while the PA occupies a compact active area of (960 * 720) μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".