Effects of acute diesel exhaust exposure on brain health: a controlled, blinded crossover study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Although the effects of prolonged exposure to traffic-related air pollution are well-characterized with respect to respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes, comparatively little is known about the impact of particulate matter on affective, cognitive, and neurodegenerative effects, particularly after short-term exposures. Aims: To establish that acute inhalation of moderate-dose diesel exhaust, typical of occupational or high-ambient concentrations, alters cognitive function in humans through an in vivo, controlled crossover experiment. Methods: We recruited 10 healthy adult subjects and exposed them to two exposure conditions: filtered air and carefully controlled levels of diesel exhaust (300µg PM2.5/m3) for 120 minutes. Prior to and following each blinded condition we measured cognitive outcomes including reaction time, working memory, attention-switching, and executive function tasks using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). As well, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assessed changes in the network of active brain regions attributable to diesel exhaust inhalation and characterized changes in those regions specifically associated with a task of working memory. An array of peripheral blood markers related to neurodegenerative processes were also collected and analyzed at selected time points pre- and post-exposure. Each exposure condition was separated by a 4-week washout period. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the main effects of exposure on changes in cognitive endpoints.Results: Preliminary data demonstrates impairment, 1-hour following diesel exhaust exposure, in reaction time (4% [?20.3 ms] mean decrease post-DE exposure) and attention-switching (an executive function task). Changes return to baseline over the subsequent 24 hours, post-diesel exhaust exposure.Conclusion: Exposure to acute diesel exhaust exposure may have a deleterious effect on a variety of cognitive endpoints in healthy adult subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".