Composite Membranes of PVDF Nanofibers Impregnated with Nafion for Increased Fuel Concentrations in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Serious methanol crossover of Nafion greatly limits the use of increased fuel concentrations in methanol fuel cells, which results in a decreased power density. To lower the methanol crossover of Nafion, thin layers of PVDF nanofibers were successfully electrospun and impregnated with a Nafion solution to create novel fuel cell membranes. The morphological structures, mechanical properties, thermal stabilities, chemical resistance and proton conductivity were investigated for each composite membrane. The performances of membranes with different layers of PVDF nanofibers were evaluated, using a single cell direct methanol fuel cell with 10M methanol fuel. In comparison with membranes of pure Nafion, the introduction of PVDF fiber mats greatly enhanced the membrane's thermal and oxidation stabilities, suppressed swelling ratios and water uptake, and increase fuel cell performance.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it