Boron Subphthalocyanines and Silicon Phthalocyanines for Use as Active Materials in Organic Photovoltaics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have experienced continued interest over the last 25 years as a viable technology for the generation of power. Phthalocyanines are among the oldest commercial dyes and have been utilized in some of the earliest examples of OPVs. In recent years, the use of boron subphthalocyanines (BsubPcs) and silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) has attracted a flurry of interest with some examples of fullerene-free devices reaching power conversion efficiencies >8 %. Unlike other more common divalent phthalocyanines such as copper or zinc, BsubPcs and SiPcs contain additional axial groups that can easily be functionalized without significantly affecting the optoelectronic properties of the macrocycle. This handle facilitates our ability to tune the solid-state arrangement and other physical characteristics such as solubility ultimately giving us the ability to improve the thin film processing and final device performance. This review covers recent studies on the development of BsubPcs and SiPcs for use as active materials in organic photovoltaics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".