A Fully Integrated Sub-GHz Inductor-less VCO with a Frequency Doubler
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an inductor-less voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with active inductors (AIs) for wideband applications and is also applicable to different wireless technologies. Both the AIs and the VCO are designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology. The fundamental frequency covers a frequency band from 129 MHz to 442 MHz. The output of a frequency doubler is exactly two times that of the fundamental frequency. Both the fundamental and doubled frequency can be output at the same time with an excellent synchronization performance. The optimal phase noise of this design is about -112 dBc/Hz@1 MHz offset. Moreover, it achieves an excellent figure of merit (FOM) at -170 dBc/Hz with a total power consumption less than 6.2 mW. The footprint of the core area is only 0.044×0.092 mm2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".