Long-Range Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguide Biosensors for Human Cardiac Troponin I Detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Straight long-range surface plasmon-polariton (LRSPP) waveguides as biosensors for label-free detection are discussed. The sensors consist of 5-μm-wide 35-nm-thick gold stripes embedded in a low-index optical-grade fluoropolymer (CYTOPTM) with fluidic channels etched to the Au surface of the stripes. This work demonstrates the application of the LRSPP biosensors for the detection of human cardiac troponin I (cTnI) protein. cTnI is a biological marker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), often referred to as a heart attack, which can be diagnosed by elevated levels of cTnI in patient blood. Direct and sandwich assays were developed and demonstrated over the concentration range from 1 to 1000 ng/mL, yielding detection limits of 430 pg/mL for the direct assay and 28 pg/mL for the sandwich assay (1 standard deviation), the latter being physiologically relevant to the early detection or onset of AMI. In addition, a novel approach for data analysis is proposed, where the analyte response is normalized to the response of the antibody layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".