Evaluation of CSA S16-14 asymmetry parameter for singly-symmetric beams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The provisions in the Canadian design standard S16, Design of Steel Structures, for determining the lateral–torsional buckling capacity of unequal-flange I-shaped beams employ an asymmetry parameter, β x , that is a function of the cross-sectional shape. It has been observed that the approximate equation for this parameter in the standard can be highly inaccurate in some cases. A study was completed to compare the approximate values of β x to the exact solutions for 16 312 singly-symmetric I-sections and 188 standard WT-shapes from the CISC Handbook of Steel Construction. It is concluded that the current standard provides extremely variable results, but is generally conservative for use in design, with the exception of T-sections, as long as the larger flange is in compression. Recommendations for adoption into the next edition of the standard are provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".