Using reversible non-covalent and covalent bonds to create assemblies and equilibrating molecular networks that survive 5 molar urea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The limits of self-assembly and host-guest chemistry in water solutions containing competitive solutes are largely unexplored. We report here a new family of self-assembling systems that are stitched together at two levels by reversible hydrazone bonds and by non-covalent self-assembly in strongly denaturing conditions. Three different hydrazides of various charge and hydrophobicity are combined with an aldehyde-containing calixarene, and each system spontaneously forms AB hydrazones that subsequently self-assemble into four-component (AB)2 structures in water. The assemblies display varying responses to added NaCl and/or urea. The most robust assembly survives completely intact in solution up to 5 M urea. We also combine the aldehyde calixarene with two different hydrazides in the same tube to create complex, competitive dynamic libraries. We report experiments in which the composition of the dynamic equilibrating library is under the control of self-assembly, allowing the systems to choose the components that form the most stable assemblies under a variety of competitive solutions conditions. These dynamic networks of equilibrating molecules maintain remarkably similar equilibrium positions under widely varying concentrations of urea and NaCl.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".