Population risk and burden of health behavioral–related all-cause, premature, and amenable deaths in Ontario, Canada: Canadian Community Health Survey–linked mortality files
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the association of all-cause and premature mortality with four modifiable lifestyle behaviors and quantify the burden of behavioral-related premature death in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We analyzed a cohort of 149,262 adults in the 2000-2010 Canadian Community Health Surveys, linked to vital statistics data to ascertain deaths until December 31, 2015. The strength of the association between behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption) and all-cause and premature mortality was estimated using sex-specific Cox proportional hazards models. We estimated the proportion of deaths from causes amenable to the health system by behavior. RESULTS: After full adjustment, hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for premature mortality were significantly increased for heavy smokers versus nonsmokers [males: 5.48 (4.55-6.60); females 4.45 (3.49-5.66)]; obese class III versus normal weight [males: 2.47 (1.76-3.48); females: 1.73 (1.29-2.31)]; and physically inactive versus active [males: 1.25 (1.07-1.45); females: 1.70 (1.41-2.04)]. In both sexes, a disproportionate burden of amenable deaths were experienced by heavy smokers, severely obese, physically inactive, and heavy drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings emphasize the importance of prevention to reduce the prevalence of risk behaviors that contribute to a large burden of premature deaths that are amenable to the health system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".