Unveiling the Critical Role of Surface Oxidation of Electroresponsive Behaviors in Two-Dimensional Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Here, two-dimensional (2D) C/TiO 2 hybrids synthesized via oxidation of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes are reported as an ideal electrorheological (ER) candidate in pursuit of high ER efficiency. The lamellar structure of conductive carbon layers provides abundant electron transport channels, aiming to shorten the response time to an electric field, while the TiO 2 nanoparticles deliver high surface polarization leading to high ER effects. The oxidation degrees of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes are systematically controlled through the hydrothermal method (h-C/TiO 2 ) or CO 2 calcination (c-C/TiO 2 ). We comprehensively studied the relationship between the surface oxidation and ER behaviors of these C/TiO 2 hybrids. It was found that the h-C/TiO 2 hybrid exhibited superior ER behaviors compared with the c-C/TiO 2 hybrid. The holey h-C/TiO 2 architecture creates large electron and oil transport pathways, which is responsible for the superior ER performances. Overall, this research provides original insights into the exciting electroresponsive materials of this quickly growing 2D MXene family as well as provides a guideline for processing oxidation of MXenes for diverse applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".