Establishment of an efficient alfalfa regeneration system via organogenesis and the co-expression of <i>Arabidopsis SOS</i> genes improves salt tolerance in transgenic alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway is pivotal in Na + efflux and facilitates ion transport and homeostasis for improved salt tolerance in plants. Ten alfalfa varieties were used as experimental materials and two alfalfa regeneration systems were established and optimized. Cotyledons and hypocotyls were initially used as explants to induce embryogenic callus via the indirect production of somatic embryos to establish a callus acceptor system. Cotyledonary nodes were used as explants to induce adventitious bud formation via direct organogenesis, thereby establishing an in vitro regeneration system that could be used for the genetic transformation. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the cotyledonary nodes of the alfalfa ‘Golden Empress b’ was used to generate 25 independent sources of transformed plants exhibiting herbicide tolerance. Four of the positive transgenic plants were randomly selected for southern blot analysis, and three hybridization signals with one or two copies were detected. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the Bialaphos resistance (Bar) and SOS1 genes were expressed in transgenic plants and that multiple exogenous salt-tolerant genes were integrated into the transgenic plant genome and expressed at the transcriptional level. The overexpression of Arabidopsis SOS genes in alfalfa conferred a high degree of salinity tolerance, enhanced plant growth, lowered the accumulation of Na + , increased the accumulation of K + in the leaves, and altered physiological and biochemical parameters in response to salt stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".