Soil Fertility and Quality Response to Reduced Tillage and Diversified Cropping under Organic Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Core Ideas A 6‐year organic field trial evaluated two tillage intensities (high and low) and two rotation sequences, simplified (wheat‐green manure) and diversified (wheat‐oilseed‐pulse‐green manure). Soil moisture and NO3‐N content were highest in the simplified rotation under high tillage. There were few soil P differences, although levels were higher for the low than high tillage in the simplified rotation. Reduced tillage intensity tended to increase soil organic C and decreased the percentage of erodible soil particles. Soil NO3‐N and PO4‐P content were also analyzed within the soil profile, down to 120 cm. During the past few decades, organic crop production in Canada and beyond has become increasingly widespread. In the Canadian Prairies, organic agriculture has traditionally relied on summer fallow and mechanical tillage for nutrient and pest management. More recently, there has been a substantial increase in the use of legume green manure, diversified crop rotations, and reduced tillage. Our objective was to determine if organic wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production using diversified crop rotations and reduced tillage could optimize production while minimizing its environmental impact within the Brown soil zone of Western Canada. A 6‐yr (2010 to 2015) field study evaluated two tillage intensities (high and low), and two rotation sequences, simplified (wheat–green manure) and diversified (wheat–oilseed–pulse–green manure). Precipitation throughout the study period was substantially greater than the long‐term mean. Spring soil NO 3 −N and P content were highest in the first years of this trial. Soil moisture and NO 3 −N content were highest in the simplified rotation under high tillage. There were few soil P differences, although levels were higher for the low than high tillage in the simplified rotation. Reduced tillage intensity tended to increase soil organic C and decreased the percentage of erodible soil particles. These soil quality changes would result in an increase in the soil’s resistance to wind and water erosion, thus promoting environmental sustainability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".