Multimodal imaging analyses in patients with genetic and sporadic forms of small vessel disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is thought to be a pure genetic form of subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI). The aim of this study was to compare white matter integrity and cortical thickness between typical CADASIL, a genetic form, and two sporadic forms of SVCI (with NOTCH3 and without NOTCH3 variants). We enrolled typical CADASIL patients (N = 11) and SVCI patients [with NOTCH3 variants (N = 15), without NOTCH3 variants (N = 101)]. To adjust the age difference, which reflects the known difference in clinical and radiologic courses between typical CADASIL patients and SVCI patients, we constructed a W-score of measurement for diffusion tensor image and cortical thickness. Typical CADASIL patients showed more frequent white matter hyperintensities in the bilateral posterior temporal region compared to SVCI patients (p < 0.001, uncorrected). We found that SVCI patients, regardless of the presence of NOTCH3 variants, showed significantly greater microstructural alterations (W-score, p < 0.05, FWE-corrected) and cortical thinning (W-score, p < 0.05, FDR-corrected) than typical CADASIL patients. In this study, typical CADASIL and SVCI showed distinct anatomic vulnerabilities in the cortical and subcortical structures. However, there was no difference between SVCI with NOTCH3 variants and SVCI without NOTCH3 variants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".