The Effect of Structural Properties of a Two-Layered Electrode on the Li-Ion Battery Polarization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A complete cell model composed of a two-layered positive electrode with single-sized particles in each layer was presented to describe the effects of volume fraction of two particles distributed in the positive electrode and thickness of two layers on the Li-ion cell performance during discharge. It was determined that for such positive electrode, the volume fraction of particles near the separator should be less than the volume fraction of particles adjacent to the current collector, disregarding the particle size. In this situation, more Li-ions reach the particles surface at the back of the electrode (near the current collector) and the Li intercalation reaction proceeds more effectively. One objective of this work was to determine the optimized volume fraction of particles to obtain the lowest total polarization in the cell and the highest voltage with positive electrodes containing two layers of the same thickness. The analysis also showed that the lowest total cell polarization was achieved by increasing the thickness of the layer composed of the smaller particles in the range of a = 1.5 to a = 2, where a is the ratio of the total thickness of the positive electrode to the thickness of the layer composed of the smaller particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".