Heterogeneous Surface Orientation of Solution-Deposited Gold Films Enables Retention of Conductivity with High Strain—A New Strategy for Stretchable Electronics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stretchable electronic devices rely on stretchable conductors to form device interconnects and electrodes that maintain electrical performance during deformation. Although the high conductivity of metals makes them desirable materials for these applications, the lack of intrinsic stretchability of metals is a fundamental problem in stretchable electronics. Research efforts to impart stretchability to metal films on elastomers have involved configuring the films into wavy features that unbend with strain or using high surface roughness to engineer how cracks form in metal films under strain. However, the topographies used in these approaches cause problems with integrating these metal films as electrodes in thin-film devices. This paper presents a new, simple, and low-cost strategy for the fabrication of stretchable gold films with planar topography that remain highly conductive to 95% elongation. Using solution-based electroless plating to deposit gold films on the elastomer poly(dimethylsiloxane) results in a heterogeneous crystalline surface texture with misoriented grains that are strong barriers to dislocation movement. Under strain, the misoriented grains cause the formation of a unique nanoscale cracking pattern that is remarkably effective at preserving conductivity. We demonstrate that this performance, coupled with the planar topography of these gold films, makes them suitable as electrodes in intrinsically stretchable light-emitting devices.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".