Adapting to Marriage Markets: International Marriage Migration from Vietnam to South Korea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
International marriage migration, while not an entirely new phenomenon, became numerically important in parts of Asia in the early 2000s. This research examines some of the reasons for the rise in marital unions between Vietnamese women and South Korean men. Using census data, we assess the extent to which partner shortages existed for men in South Korea and for women in Vietnam at the onset of the rise in marriage migration. We then use survey data to identify some of the characteristics of those who have entered international unions. While we identify a substantial marriage squeeze on certain subgroups of Korean men at the time marriage migration was expanding, the same is not true for women in Vietnam, at least at the national level. To help explain what has motivated some women in Vietnam to enter into international marriages, we turn to data from in-depth interviews. We also discuss the roles played by international marriage brokerage agencies and migrant networks in the process. Our analysis suggests that the growth in the international marriage market between South Korea and Vietnam has been spurred by several drivers: (1) demographic, as seen in the marriage squeeze on rural men in Korea, (2) cultural, in terms of the continuing importance of marital hypergamy in both contexts, (3) economic, as an important motivator of Vietnamese marriage migrants, (4) institutional (with the ongoing but perhaps declining importance of marriage brokers), and (5) the growing role of interpersonal networks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".