Effect of intraoperative iv dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Sevoflurane, a popular inhalational anaesthetic agent for paediatric anaesthesia is associated with high incidence of emergence agitation (up to 80%). This study aims to evaluate the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on incidence and severity of emergence agitation (EA) in children after tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized double blind study included 70 patients aged 2-10 years with ASA physical status I and II who were randomly allocated into two groups. Group D (n = 35) received intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.3 µg/kg and Group C (n = 35) received normal saline, both given post intubation over 10 min. After extubation, emergence agitation (EA) was assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score, the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) for evaluating postoperative pain and modified Aldrete score for PACU discharge time were noted. Results: Demographic profile was comparable between two groups. Incidence of emergence agitation was significantly less in Group D than Group C (20% vs 42.86%). Postoperative pain was significantly less in Group D in comparison of Group C (14.3% vs 37.15%). Emergence time, extubation time and PACU discharge time were significantly longer in Group D in comparison to Group C (8.1 ± 1.4 vs 7.1 ± 1.4 min, 9.06 ± 1.59 vs 8.06 ± 1.39 min and 23.1 ± 7.6 vs 18.1 ± 8.2 min respectively). No complications were observed between two groups except vomiting. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 0.3 µg/kg) given intravenously just after intubation may be considered as an effective drug to reduce emergence agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Intraoperative, Emergence agitation, Sevoflurane, Tonsillectomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".