ALMA Observations of the ρ Ophiuchus B2 Region. I. Molecular Outflows and Their Driving Sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We present the results of ALMA mosaic observations of dust continuum and 12CO (J = 2−1), 13CO (J = 2−1), and C18O (J = 2−1) molecular lines toward the ρ Ophiuchus B2 region. The 1.3 mm dust continuum image made from the combined 12 and 7 m array data reveals not only the dense cores identified by past single-dish observations but also their detailed internal substructures. The 12CO (J = 2−1) images show very complex structures of protostellar outflows. They suggest that the gigantic outflow lobes in Oph B2 are presumably driven at least by two protostars, EL 32 and EL 33. We do not detect clear high-velocity components associated with the Class I protostar SST c2d J162730.9−242733 and the flat-spectrum object SST c2d J162721.8−242727. In addition, we find interesting striations with 15″ (≈2000 au) separations in both the 12CO and 13CO channel maps. The CO striations appear to be roughly parallel to the magnetic field direction, and we speculate that the directions of the striations may follow the magnetic field in the envelope of Oph B2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".