Vitamin A deficiency creates persistent shedding of <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> and potential reservoirs for the spread of enteric pathogens (MUC5P.755)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Vitamin A deficiency remains a public health concern in developing countries and is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease and childhood mortality. We utilized Citrobacter rodentiumto model human enteric infections. 40% of vitamin A deficient (A-) mice developed a severe and lethal infection. All of the vitamin A sufficient (A+) mice survived and cleared the infection by day 25. Retinoic acid (RA, active form of vitamin A) treatment of A- mice before and at the time of infection resulted in clearance of C. rodentium with the same kinetics as the A+ mice. Additionally, RA treatment of A- mice at the peak of the infection eliminated C. rodentium within 16 days of treatment. Although the A- mice remained infected at day 37, colon inflammation had resolved to that found in A+ mice. All of the A- and A+ mice were able to clear systemic challenge with C. rodentium indicating that A- mice are able to control systemic bacterial infection. Furthermore, the increased mortality of A- mice during infection was not due to systemic cytokine production or increased C. rodentium pathogenicity. Instead the A- mice seem to have developed a severe gut infection but 60% of the A- mice were able to survive and resolve the inflammation. Our work suggests that improvements in vitamin A status and/or RA treatments may decrease susceptibility to enteric pathogens and eliminate potential carriers from spreading infection to susceptible populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".