Preparation and Characterization of Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibril from Poplar High-Yield Pulp via TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation and Homogenization
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, a poplar high-yield pulp [preconditioning refiner alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (P-RC APMP)] was used to produce lignin-containing cellulose nanofibril (LCCNF) dispersions through a sequential process of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation followed by high pressure homogenization. To produce LCCNF with different lignin contents, sodium hypochlorite loadings of 4–12 mmol/g fiber during TEMPO-mediated oxidation step were explored. The effect of lignin content on morphology, thermal stability, crystallinity, and rheological properties of the produced LCCNFs was investigated. The results showed that the TEMPO-mediated oxidation of cellulose was largely limited to the fiber surface. The residual lignin on the surface of LCCNF was presented as small particles. The increase of lignin content increased the thermal stability and decreased the viscosity of the LCCNF. Moreover, at higher lignin content, greater flocculation and aggregation of fibrils took place, which resulted in lower gel-like characteristics of the resultant LCCNF. The results of water contact angle determination also demonstrated that the increase of lignin content significantly increased the hydrophobicity of the LCCNF.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it