Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis isolated from diseased pigs, asymptomatic pigs, and human patients in Thailand
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis and treatment of emerging zoonotic Streptococcus suis infection in agricultural and healthcare settings mainly rely on antibiotics. However, continued use of antibiotics contributing to emergence and widespread of antibiotic resistant S. suis becomes a significant challenge in many endemic countries, including Thailand. Meanwhile, the knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens is required for overcoming the antimicrobial resistance problem, the information of antibiotic susceptibility of S. suis strains isolated in Thailand remains limited. This study aims to assess the susceptibility of Thai-isolated S. suis strains to different antibiotic classes in order to gain an insight into the distribution of antibiotic-resistant patterns of S. suis strains in different regions of Thailand. RESULTS: This study revealed the antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance of 262 S. suis strains isolated in different regions of Thailand. Susceptibility testing indicated widespread resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines of S. suis strains in the country. Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs (including cefotaxime and ceftiofur), vancomycin, chloramphenicol, as well as florfenicol were potentially the most effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of S. suis infection in both pigs and humans. High prevalence of intermediate susceptibility of S. suis isolated from asymptomatic pigs for penicillin G, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin could be the premise of the emergence of S. suis antibiotic resistance. Resistance was also found in S. suis strains isolated from asymptomatic pigs indicating that they could act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antimicrobial resistance of a large collection of S. suis strains isolated from pigs and humans in Thailand. It revealed the multidrug resistance of S. suis strains in pigs and humans. The information gained from this study raises an awareness and encourage best practices of appropriate antibiotic drug prescribing and use among human health and agriculture sectors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it