Dynamic response of soft soils in high-speed rail foundation: in situ measurements and time domain finite element method model
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dynamic response of soil to vibrations induced by moving trains has been widely studied using in situ measurements. However, few in situ tests have been conducted to measure the resulting vibration of foundation soils, especially for the foundation of high-speed rail (HSR) in a soft area. In this study, a number of field experiments were conducted on Shanghai–Hangzhou HSR in a suburb of Shanghai, China. The testing instruments were installed in foundation soils just beneath the HSR track to measure the vibration induced by trains moving at different speeds. Test results show the frequencies of foundation soil vibration are characterized by the train speed and geometrical features of the trains and slab track. In the frequency domain, the dominant frequency bands for vertical acceleration, velocity, and displacement of foundation soil decrease successively. In the time domain, the magnitudes of vibration levels at different locations in a soil foundation decrease gradually with increasing distance from the track. Furthermore, higher train speed can result in higher vibration level. Based on the field conditions, a three-dimensional dynamic finite–infinite element model is developed in the time domain. It shows the model is capable of capturing the primary characteristics of train-induced vibration in the field.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it