Review of fluid‐solid reaction analysis—Part 2: Single porous reactant solid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Part 1of this series covered the reaction of a non‐porous solid.[1] In this Part 2 of the series, we present a review on the reactions involving a porous solid, which is the most widely encountered type of fluid‐solid reactions. The major difference between the reactions of a non‐porous and a porous solid is the fact that in the latter, the fluid reactant can reach the interior of the porous solid through the pores even through a portion that contains unreacted solid reactant. The rate expression for the solid at any point depends on, among others, how the area of reaction interface changes with the conversion of the solid. The governing equations, in general, require numerical solution. In this article we describe an approximate closed‐form solution to this problem that yielded Sohn's law of additive reaction times. The result is simple to apply and has many useful features, especially for the design and modelling of a multi‐particle system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".