Design Considerations for Image-Rejection Enhancement of Quadrature Mixers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this letter, the influences of local oscillator (LO) reflections of the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) mixers and limited isolations between the I/Q LO ports on the image-rejection ratio (IRR) performances of quadrature mixers are investigated and analyzed for the first time. The analysis reveals that, in addition to generating well-balanced quadrature LO signals, a good LO impedance matching and/or high electrical isolation between the LO ports of the I and Q mixers are required to obtain a high IRR over a wide bandwidth. To verify the analysis, a quadrature mixer with carefully designed wideband LC-ladder matching networks for the I/Q LO ports is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS technology. Under 1-V supply voltage and 3-dBm LO power, the proposed quadrature mixer exhibits 3.3±1.5 dB conversion gain and better than 30-dBc IRR across the 20-25-GHz band.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".