Velocity profiles above and within the wave bottom boundary layer over a sloping bottom
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Theoretical solutions for the wave bottom boundary layer (WBL) are obtained using a viscoelastic turbulent closure model including sloping bed effects. The overlying free stream velocity is given by nonlinear Stokes wave theory for a sloping bottom. The viscoelastic closure scheme extends conventional eddy viscosity models by incorporating the effects of eddy relaxation and diffusion on vertical momentum exchange in the WBL, and gives improved predictions of observed velocity profiles. Field measurements of nearbed velocity profiles are then compared with theoretical solutions for a 2° bed slope. Field measurements were obtained in the lower 50 cm of the water column in 3.7 m depth with a coherent Doppler profiler. Results are presented from a storm event for flat bed. Within the region 8 cm above the bed, the observed velocity profiles change rapidly in amplitude and phase relative to potential flow theory, indicating the presence of the wave boundary layer. Furthermore, the observed vertical velocity profile in this region deviates significantly from the WBL theory for a horizontal flat bottom, but compares well with the sloping bottom theory presented here.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".