Simulation of the relative atomic populations of elements 1 ≤ Z ≤89 following charge exchange tested with collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of indium
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Calculations of the neutralisation cross-section and relative population of atomic states were performed for ions beams (1 ≤ Z ≤ 89) at 5 and 40 keV incident on free sodium and potassium atoms. To test the validity of the calculations, the population distribution of indium ions incident on a vapour of sodium was measured at an intermediate energy of 20 keV. The relative populations of the 5s25p 2P1/2 and 5s25p 2P3/2 states in indium were measured using collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy and found to be consistent with the calculations. Charge exchange contributions to high-resolution lineshapes were also investigated and found to be reproduced by the calculations. The reliable prediction of relative populations and reproduction of lineshapes are of importance to high-precision and efficient laser spectroscopy studies of exotic isotopes and future applications of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it