THE QUEBEC NATIONAL QUESTION DURING THE WORLD WAR II AND IN THE POSTWAR PERIOD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper deals with the Quebec national question during the Second World War and the postwar period in the context of the causes and preconditions of "Quiet Revolution" in 1960s in Quebec. Based on articles, memoirs, non-fiction literature, statements we analyze the views of the French-Canadian and the English-Canadian public and political figures on the crisis of conscription, as well as the impact of the crisis on the social and political situation in post-war Quebec. Particular attention is paid to an under-researched aspect in the historiography – to attempts of a reform in Quebec, in times of Adelard Godbout (1939 – 1944) as a prime-minister of Quebec. He was considered to be a precursor of the "quiet revolution" in 1960s. During his tenure in the Quebec government he adopted important laws on women suffrage, compulsory schooling of children from six years. It weakened the influence of foreign companies on the Quebec's economy. The Adelard Godbout's defeat in provincial elections in 1944 resulted in rise of a nationalist-conservative Maurice Duplessis. We thoroughly analyzed the post-war period in the history of Quebec, which is known as the "period of darkness" (1944 – 1959), when prime minister of Quebec Maurice Duplessis was elected on second term. The paper also focuses on the policy of the M. Duplessis's regime in Quebec, on how it contributed to further backlog in socio-economic development, which accelerated discontent of opposition which demanded major reforms. This discontent had become the catalyst of the "Quiet Revolution." The postwar period has transformed French-Canadian national question in Quebec. Basic issues during the government of M. Duplessis were not linguistic, religious or cultural ones. The main question was that of equality of the provinces in the federation and concerned expansion the autonomous rights of Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".