Elderly, Poor and Resilient: Survival Strategies of Elderly Women in Female-Headed Households: An Intersectionality Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The intersectionality perspective reveals that gender relations are intertwined in complex ways with other forms of social inequality. Through this perspective, researchers have come to understand that an individual’s social location as reflected in intersecting identities must be at the forefront in any investigation of gender, in particular, must be understood in the context of power relations embedded within social identities. In this paper, the focus is on the intersection of age, gender and livelihoods in the familial lives of elderly women heading households in Ngangelizwe, Mthatha in South Africa. This study uncovers how the experiences of 15 elderly women who are heads of households are shaped by their current socio-economic conditions as well as reveals ways in which they exercise agency and thereby actively engaging with their socio-economic realities rather than experiencing these as defining features in their lives and livelihoods. As noted in the intersectionality perspective, individuals are not passive recipients of an identity position; instead, they practice each aspect of identity as informed by other identities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".