Mountain pine beetle mutualist Leptographium longiclavatum presence in the southern Rocky Mountains during a record warm period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied blue-stain fungi (Ophiostomataceae: Ophiostomatales) of mountain pine beetle in declining epidemic populations affecting three pine species in Colorado. Using morphological and molecular characterizations, we determined the presence of the mutualist L. longiclavatum in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado, where it was as common as the warm temperature adapted O. montium within the insect’s specialized maxillary mycangium. The species was more prevalent than its “sibling species” G. clavigera which is the the common mycangial mutualist documented in USA populations. Findings were made during a two-year period including the warmest year on record in the state (i. e., 2012). Other studies have indicated that L. longiclavatum is more frequent in insect populations occurring in the northern Canadian Rockies diminishing in southern areas of that mountain range, suggesting latitude influences the frequency of this fungal mutualists, due to its better cool temperature tolerances. Our findings suggest Colorado isolates may have a greater tolerance of warmer temperatures than those from the north. These findings also increase our knowledge about the species distribution and the in situ conditions permissive of its occurrence in areas south of the Canadian Rockies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".